Well, the Adams one I believe is incorrect. At that point, it was whoever received a majority of the electoral vote was Prez and the runner-up in the EC was Veep (state legislatures chose the electors at that point, not popular vote). There’s some other weird thing about how Veep was chosen. Let’s just say the 12th Amendment made it MUCH better. Adams outright beat Jefferson in the Electoral College, so Jeffy was Veep. Then Jefferson outright beat Adams in 1800, but there were some weird happenings involving who the electors meant to choose to be Veep, so that led to 12th Amendment (ratified in 1804). Basically, the EC voted for Prez and Veep seperately, and the people got to vote for the electors.
Next big election thingy was John Quincy Adams. Jackson won the popular vote, but no man got a majority of the electoral vote. So, in accordance with the Constitution, the election went to the House of Representatives. Now, in the House, the Reps have to choose from the top three or five (can’t really remember) candidates, but each state only gets one vote. There were some backdoor dealings involving JQA and Henry Clay (I think). Clay supporters threw their support to JQA, and he became Prez. Whoever was his running mate became Veep. Clay got Secretary of State. Jackson got shafted. Jackson won in the next election.
Elections went along rather well for the next few years with the only noteable thing being how Polk won the Democratic nomination, but we’ll skip that. Next came 1860. Whole lot of mess going on that I don’t care to talk about. There were roughly 5 major nominees for Prez. Lincoln, Buchanan, Douglas, and a few others. Anyway, this was a VERY regional election. Lincoln won the EC outright by winning only Northern states. He got about 30% of the popular vote, a plurality at the time. I just like this election.
Next big election crisis was 1876. Tilden had a majority of the popular vote, and Rutherford B. Hayes had a minority. However, Ruthy won the EC. He went to bed thinking he had lost the election, but there were contested votes in Louisiana, South Carolina, and, yep, Florida. Congress set up a Electoral Commission to determine who got the electoral votes. The Commission ruled, 8 to 7, that ALL of the votes went to Hayes. If just a single vote went to Tilden, he would have won. Final vote? 185 Hayes, 184 Tilden. Hayes had promised before the election to serve only one term, and he did just that. He did not run in 1880.
There were probably some other instances along the way where no person won a majority of the popular vote but won the EC, but I don’t know all of them. (The dead did rise to vote in 1960 though. :P) The next one I recall is 1992. Clinton won aobut 42% of the popular vote. Bush got about 35%. The rest went almost exclusively to Perot. Anyway, Clinton won a majority of the EC, so he was Prez. In 1996, it was Clinton 47%, Dole 30 something, Perot the rest. Once again, no majority in the popular vote, but he won the EC.
Next came the biggie. 2000. Gore won a majority of the popular vote (500,000 more than Bush, I think). However, he did not have a majority of the EC. Bush did not have a majority of the EC with Florida still being contested. So, Florida was really close after the first vote (Bush won it by a few hundred). Florida law mandated a state wide recount. Bush won that one. In all honesty, it should have stopped there. However, the Gore campaign wanted to win. They selected a few counties, heavily Democratic, to recount AGAIN. I don’t remember all of it, but the Florida Supreme Court somehow got involved stating something along the lines that Secretary of State Catherine Harris and the Florida State Legislature had no authority to set a deadline for when the recount had to end (of the four or so counties that were recounting, only one actually made this deadline). The Bush campaign felt the Florida Supreme Court was overstepping its boundaries, so it took it to the US Supreme Court. The SC sent it back down to the FSC with basically a note saying “This is a state business, re-rule” with the implication of “change your minds and rule the other way.” FSC ruled the same way. It went back to the SC. SC ruled 7-2 on one issue and 5-4 on another. One issue was whether or not the recount had to be stopped by a certain date, December 4th I think, that the Constitution mandated. The other issue was whether or not selective recounting of just certain counties was a violation of the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection clause. Anyway, yeah, there’s now some deadline for recounts, and if there’s going to be a recount, it has to be of the whole state, not just a few counties. And before anyone asks, I feel that was the right decision. I truly do think the Gore campaign was trying to steal Florida. However, I will also state that if my political views (which ain’t Republican) were the exact same, but the 2000 election were reversed with Gore having won all of the counts and recounts and Bush kept trying to recount heavily Republican counties, I would feel Bush was trying to steal the election.
And Steve, just dismissing the EC system as something you don’t like and think it’s stupid really shows no understanding of why the system was first put into place, but this post has gone on long enough, so I’ll just say it was a political balancing act between the rights of large and small states in a vein similar to the bicameral Congress. It was actually a pretty smart way of dealing with that issue. You’ll probably say something like “well I don’t think states should exist,” and I’ll point you to the fact that the Framers were worried about too centralized of power. The states were a way of decentralizing power and spreading authority in a way they hoped would protect people’s rights from tyranny. DeToqueville, while a damn dirty Frenchie and not a Framer, wrote a brilliant essay on the notion of why the state system was such a great idea of being able to protect liberty from internal and external threats.